Islamic History
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#1. Who was the companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the cave as mentioned in Surah Tauba (9:40)?
The companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the cave, as mentioned in Surah Tauba (9:40), was Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A).
In this verse, Allah speaks about the time when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) took refuge in the Cave of Thawr during the Hijrah (migration) from Makkah to Madinah. The verse highlights Abu Bakr’s close companionship and support during this critical moment.
Allah reassured both of them with tranquility and divine protection, despite their enemies searching nearby.
This event reflects Abu Bakr’s (R.A) unwavering faith, courage, and loyalty to the Prophet, and the special bond between them.
#2. Who is the first martyr in Islam?
The first martyr in Islam is Sumayyah bint Khayyat (R.A).
Sumayyah bint Khayyat (R.A) was among the earliest converts to Islam and faced severe persecution for her faith.
She, along with her husband Yasir and son Ammar, were tortured by the Quraysh in Makkah. Despite the brutal treatment, Sumayyah (R.A) remained steadfast in her belief.
Abu Jahl, one of the fiercest opponents of Islam, eventually killed her, making her the first martyr in Islamic history. Her sacrifice exemplifies the early struggles and resilience of the Muslim community in the face of oppression.
#3. What is the significance of the “Hijra” in the Islamic calendar?
The Hijra marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
In 622 CE, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his followers migrated to Medina to escape persecution, which led to the establishment of the first Muslim community.
As mentioned in Sahih Bukhari (1:6), the Prophet said, “A person is a Muhajir (emigrant) who gives up all that Allah has forbidden.“
#4. What is the first word revealed of the Quran?
The first revelation to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was “Iqra” meaning “Read.”
This occurred in the Cave of Hira when Angel Jibril (Gabriel) commanded him to read.
The event is recorded in Sahih Bukhari, where the Prophet recounts,
“The angel came to me and asked me to read.” (Bukhari 1:3)
#5. Who was the first caliph after the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ?
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (R.A) was the first caliph, succeeding Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) after his death.
His leadership helped consolidate the Muslim community and preserve the teachings of Islam.
The Prophet once said, “If I were to take a friend other than my Lord, I would take Abu Bakr.” (Muslim 2382)
#6. What is the second holiest city in Islam after Mecca?
Medina is the second holiest city in Islam, home to the Prophet’s Mosque and his final resting place.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “A prayer in my mosque is a thousand times more excellent than a prayer in any other mosque, except Masjid al-Haram (Mosque of the Ka’ba).” (Sahih Muslim 1394a).
This highlights its significance in Islamic worship.
#7. What is the significance of the night journey (Isra) and ascension (Miraj) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
During the night journey (Isra) and ascension (Miraj), Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was taken from Mecca to Jerusalem and then ascended to the heavens.
It was during this journey that the five daily prayers were established.
The event is mentioned in the Quran (17:1) and detailed in Hadiths. (Sahih Bukhari 349)
#8. Who is considered the mother of believers in Islam?
Hazrate Aisha bint Abi Bakr (R.A), the wife of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), is known as “the mother of believers.”
She was a key figure in early Islamic history, known for her profound knowledge of Hadith and jurisprudence.
#9. What is the significance of the Kaaba in Mecca?
The Kaaba in Mecca is the Qibla, the direction Muslims face during prayer. It symbolizes the unity of the Muslim Ummah.
The Quran says, “So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram (the Kaaba).” (Quran 2:144).
The Kaaba also plays a central role during Hajj, the annual pilgrimage.
#10. Which battle is considered the first major battle in Islamic history?
The Battle of Badr, fought in 624 CE, was the first significant battle in Islamic history.
The Muslims’ victory demonstrated their resilience and divine support.
The Quran refers to this battle, “And already had Allah given you victory at Badr while you were few in number.” (Quran 3:123).
#11. What is the significance of the Day of Arafah?
The Day of Arafah, the second day of Hajj, is considered the most important day of the pilgrimage. Pilgrims gather at the plain of Arafah to pray and seek forgiveness.
#12. Who was the first person to accept Islam after Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (R.A), the wife of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), was the first person to accept Islam. Her support and belief in the Prophet were pivotal during the early days of Islam.
The Prophet said, “She believed in me when no one else did.” (Musnad Ahmad 24864)
#13. What is the significance of the night of Laylat al-Qadr?
Laylat al-Qadr, the Night of Decree, is when the Quran was first revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It is described as better than a thousand months.
The Quran states, “The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.” (Quran 97:3).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) recommended seeking this night during the last ten days of Ramadan.
#14. Which battle in Islamic history is known as the “Battle of the Trench”?
The Battle of Khandaq (Trench) took place in 627 CE when the Muslims dug a trench around Medina to defend against a siege by Quraysh and their allies.
The Quran mentions, “O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allah upon you when armies came to you and We sent upon them a wind and armies you did not see.” (Quran 33:9)