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#1. What does the term “Fiqh” refer to in Islam?
#2. What is the Arabic term for lawful or permissible in Islam?
Halal refers to what is permissible or lawful in Islam, encompassing various aspects of daily life including food, behavior, and business transactions.
The Quran states,
“They ask you what is lawful for them. Say, ‘Lawful for you are [all] good foods.’” (Quran 5:4)
#3. What is the main purpose of the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, known as Hajj?
Hajj involves performing rituals at the Kaaba, including Tawaf (circling the Kaaba) and Sa’i (walking between Safa and Marwah), commemorating Prophet Ibrahim’s actions.
#4. Which Prophet is considered the father of the Arab people through his son Ishmael A.S.?
Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) is considered the father of the Arab people through his son Ishmael (Ismail).
This is mentioned in the Quran, “And ˹remember˺ when Abraham raised the foundation of the House with Ishmael, ˹both praying,˺ “Our Lord! Accept ˹this˺ from us. You are indeed the All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” (Quran 2:127).
Hadith literature also narrates stories of Ibrahim and Ismail building the Kaaba.
#5. Which Prophet is known for his patience in the face of suffering?
Prophet Ayyub (Job) is renowned for his patience (Sabr) amidst severe trials and tribulations.
The Quran recounts his story, highlighting his steadfastness, “Indeed, We found him patient. An excellent servant, indeed he was one repeatedly turning back [to Allah].” (Quran 38:44).
His life exemplifies unwavering faith and resilience in adversity.
#6. What does “Sharia” refer to in Islam?
Sharia refers to Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing all aspects of a Muslim’s life.
It encompasses moral conduct, family matters, and criminal justice.
The Quran mentions, “Now We have set you ˹O Prophet˺ on the ˹clear˺ Way of faith. So follow it, and do not follow the desires of those who do not know ˹the truth˺.” (Quran 45:18)
#7. Who was the first caliph after the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ?
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (R.A) was the first caliph, succeeding Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) after his death.
His leadership helped consolidate the Muslim community and preserve the teachings of Islam.
The Prophet once said, “If I were to take a friend other than my Lord, I would take Abu Bakr.” (Muslim 2382)
#8. What is the term for the nightly prayers performed during Ramadan?
Taraweeh refers to the additional prayers performed by Muslims at night during the month of Ramadan. These prayers are highly encouraged and involve reciting long portions of the Quran.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, Whoever observes fasts during the month of Ramadan out of sincere faith, and hoping to attain Allah’s rewards, then all his past sins will be forgiven.” (Sahih Bukhari 38)
#9. What is the second holiest city in Islam after Mecca?
Medina is the second holiest city in Islam, home to the Prophet’s Mosque and his final resting place.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “A prayer in my mosque is a thousand times more excellent than a prayer in any other mosque, except Masjid al-Haram (Mosque of the Ka’ba).” (Sahih Muslim 1394a).
This highlights its significance in Islamic worship.
#10. What is the Arabic term for obligatory charity given annually?
Zakat is obligatory charity given annually by Muslims who meet the necessary criteria of wealth. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and helps purify one’s wealth.
The Quran states, “And establish prayer and give zakah.” (Quran 2:110).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized, “The upper hand is better than the lower hand.” (Muslim 1033)
#11. Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
The Five Pillars of Islam are Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj. While Jihad is important, it is not one of the Five Pillars.
Jihad primarily refers to the personal spiritual struggle against sin.
“The best Jihad is (by) the one who strives against his own self for Allah.” (Tirmidhi 1621)
#12. What is the primary purpose of the Islamic practice of Sadaqah?
Sadaqah refers to voluntary charity given out of compassion, love, friendship, or generosity. It’s not obligatory like Zakat but highly encouraged.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “The believer’s shade on the Day of Resurrection will be his charity.” (Mishkat al-Masabih 1925)
#13. Who was the companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the cave as mentioned in Surah Tauba (9:40)?
The companion of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the cave, as mentioned in Surah Tauba (9:40), was Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A).
In this verse, Allah speaks about the time when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) took refuge in the Cave of Thawr during the Hijrah (migration) from Makkah to Madinah. The verse highlights Abu Bakr’s close companionship and support during this critical moment.
Allah reassured both of them with tranquility and divine protection, despite their enemies searching nearby.
This event reflects Abu Bakr’s (R.A) unwavering faith, courage, and loyalty to the Prophet, and the special bond between them.
#14. What is the Arabic term for the community of Muslims worldwide?
“Ummah” refers to the global community of Muslims.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) stressed the unity of the Ummah, saying,
“The believers are like one body; when one limb aches, the whole body responds with sleeplessness and fever.”
(Muslim 2586)
#15. What is the Arabic term for repentance in Islam?
Taubah means repentance, a fundamental concept in Islam where a believer seeks forgiveness from Allah for their sins with sincere remorse and a commitment to avoid the sin in the future.
The Quran says, “Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly repentant.” (Quran 2:222).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also said, “Every son of Adam sins, and the best of those who sin are those who repent.” (Tirmidhi 2499)
#16. What is the significance of the Day of Arafah?
The Day of Arafah, the second day of Hajj, is considered the most important day of the pilgrimage. Pilgrims gather at the plain of Arafah to pray and seek forgiveness.
#17. Who was the first person to accept Islam after Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (R.A), the wife of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), was the first person to accept Islam. Her support and belief in the Prophet were pivotal during the early days of Islam.
The Prophet said, “She believed in me when no one else did.” (Musnad Ahmad 24864)
#18. Which battle is considered the first major battle in Islamic history?
The Battle of Badr, fought in 624 CE, was the first significant battle in Islamic history.
The Muslims’ victory demonstrated their resilience and divine support.
The Quran refers to this battle, “And already had Allah given you victory at Badr while you were few in number.” (Quran 3:123).
#19. Who is considered the mother of believers in Islam?
Hazrate Aisha bint Abi Bakr (R.A), the wife of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), is known as “the mother of believers.”
She was a key figure in early Islamic history, known for her profound knowledge of Hadith and jurisprudence.
#20. Which practice is performed during the last ten days of Ramadan?
Itikaf is a practice during the last ten days of Ramadan where Muslims seclude themselves in the mosque for worship and reflection.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to perform Itikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan, seeking the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr). (Sahih Bukhari 2026)
#21. What is the significance of the “Hijra” in the Islamic calendar?
The Hijra marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
In 622 CE, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his followers migrated to Medina to escape persecution, which led to the establishment of the first Muslim community.
As mentioned in Sahih Bukhari (1:6), the Prophet said, “A person is a Muhajir (emigrant) who gives up all that Allah has forbidden.“
#22. Which angel delivered the revelations of the Quran to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
Angel Jibril (Gabriel) delivered the revelations of the Quran to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
The Quran states, “The Trustworthy Spirit has brought it down upon your heart” (Quran 26:193-194).
Sahih Bukhari also narrates the Prophet’s encounters with Jibril during revelations.
#23. Who compiled the Quran into a single book form after the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ?
After the death of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), many memorizers of the Quran were lost in battles, raising concerns about preserving the Quranic text.
Umar ibn al-Khattab (R.A) suggested to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (R.A) that the Quran should be compiled into a single book. In response to this critical need, Abu Bakr (R.A) ordered Zaid ibn Thabit (R.A) to undertake the task of compiling the Quran.
This effort ensured the preservation and consistency of the Quranic text for future generations (Sahih Bukhari 4986).
#24. What is the significance of the month of Muharram in Islam?
Muharram is one of the four sacred months in Islam. The 10th day, known as Ashura, commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and is also observed in remembrance of the historical significance.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “The best fasting after Ramadan is in the month of Allah, Muharram.” (Muslim 1163)
#25. What is the meaning of “Tawheed” in Islam?
Tawheed refers to the oneness and uniqueness of Allah, the central concept of monotheism in Islam.
The Quran states, “Say, ‘He is Allah, [who is] One’” (Quran 112:1).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the importance of Tawheed in numerous Hadiths, underscoring its fundamental role in Islamic belief.
#26. What is the primary purpose of Zakat in Islam?
Zakat is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is intended to purify wealth by distributing it to the poor and needy.
The Quran states,
“Take from their wealth ˹O Prophet˺ charity to purify and bless them, and pray for them—surely your prayer is a source of comfort for them. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” (Quran 9:103).
This act fosters social welfare and equity.
#27. Which month in the Islamic calendar is known for fasting?
Ramadan is the month of fasting, where Muslims abstain from food and drink from dawn to sunset.
The Quran says, “O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous” (Quran 2:183).
Fasting during Ramadan is also emphasized in the Hadiths, which highlight its spiritual and physical benefits.
#28. What is the significance of Surah Al-Fatiha in daily prayers?
Surah Al-Fatiha, also known as “The Opening,” is recited in every unit of the daily prayers.
It’s considered essential for the validity of the prayer.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “There is no prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening of the Book (Al-Fatiha).” (al-Bukhari, 714)
#29. Which Surah is known as the “Chapter of Sincerity”?
Surah Al-Ikhlas, also known as “The Chapter of Sincerity,” emphasizes the oneness of Allah. It is a short yet powerful declaration of monotheism.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “By Him in Whose Hand my soul is, it is equivalent to one-third of the Quran.” (Sahih Bukhari 5015)
#30. What is the significance of the night journey (Isra) and ascension (Miraj) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
During the night journey (Isra) and ascension (Miraj), Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was taken from Mecca to Jerusalem and then ascended to the heavens.
It was during this journey that the five daily prayers were established.
The event is mentioned in the Quran (17:1) and detailed in Hadiths. (Sahih Bukhari 349)
#31. What is the significance of the Kaaba in Mecca?
The Kaaba in Mecca is the Qibla, the direction Muslims face during prayer. It symbolizes the unity of the Muslim Ummah.
The Quran says, “So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram (the Kaaba).” (Quran 2:144).
The Kaaba also plays a central role during Hajj, the annual pilgrimage.
#32. What is the significance of the night of Laylat al-Qadr?
Laylat al-Qadr, the Night of Decree, is when the Quran was first revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It is described as better than a thousand months.
The Quran states, “The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.” (Quran 97:3).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) recommended seeking this night during the last ten days of Ramadan.
#33. Who is the first martyr in Islam?
The first martyr in Islam is Sumayyah bint Khayyat (R.A).
Sumayyah bint Khayyat (R.A) was among the earliest converts to Islam and faced severe persecution for her faith.
She, along with her husband Yasir and son Ammar, were tortured by the Quraysh in Makkah. Despite the brutal treatment, Sumayyah (R.A) remained steadfast in her belief.
Abu Jahl, one of the fiercest opponents of Islam, eventually killed her, making her the first martyr in Islamic history. Her sacrifice exemplifies the early struggles and resilience of the Muslim community in the face of oppression.
#34. Which Surah is known as the “Chapter of Women”?
Surah An-Nisa, meaning “The Women,” addresses various aspects of family life, inheritance, and women’s rights in Islam.
The Quran emphasizes, “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women.” (Quran 4:34).
This Surah provides comprehensive guidance on ethical conduct and social justice.
#35. What is the Islamic declaration of faith called?
The Islamic declaration of faith is called A. Shahada.
The Shahada is the fundamental statement of faith in Islam, declaring the belief in the oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH). It is recited as follows: “Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasulullah”
which means “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
The Shahada is the first of the Five Pillars of Islam and is essential for anyone embracing Islam. It represents the core belief system of Muslims worldwide.
#36. Who was the first Muazzin (caller to prayer) in Islam?
Bilal ibn Rabah (R.A) was the first Muazzin in Islam, appointed by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) due to his beautiful voice and strong faith.
The role of a Muazzin is to call believers to prayer five times a day.
The Prophet praised Bilal’s dedication, and his call to prayer became an enduring symbol of Islamic practice. (Ibn Majah 706)
#37. Which Islamic practice involves giving a portion of one’s wealth to those in need?
Zakat is the act of giving a portion of one’s wealth to the poor and needy, one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
The Quran states, “And establish prayer and give zakah” (Quran 2:110).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “The upper hand is better than the lower hand” (Riyad as-Salihin 296), emphasizing the virtue of giving.
#38. Which event is commemorated by the celebration of Eid al-Fitr?
Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting. It’s a time of celebration, communal prayers, feasting, and giving charity (Zakat al-Fitr).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “There are two joys for the fasting person: the joy when he breaks his fast, and the joy of when he meets his Lord.” (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 766)
#39. What is the meaning of the term “Umrah”?
Umrah is a minor pilgrimage to Mecca that can be undertaken at any time of the year, unlike Hajj which has specific dates.
It includes rituals such as Tawaf and Sa’i. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “Performing Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj.” (Sahih Bukhari 1782)
#40. Which battle in Islamic history is known as the “Battle of the Trench”?
The Battle of Khandaq (Trench) took place in 627 CE when the Muslims dug a trench around Medina to defend against a siege by Quraysh and their allies.
The Quran mentions, “O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allah upon you when armies came to you and We sent upon them a wind and armies you did not see.” (Quran 33:9)
#41. Which Prophet is often referred to as the “Friend of Allah”?
Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) is known as “Khalilullah,” meaning the “Friend of Allah.”
The Quran states, “And Allah chose Abraham as a close friend.” (Quran 4:125).
This title signifies his close and special relationship with Allah, as well as his unwavering faith and obedience.
#42. What does the term “Halal” signify in Islamic dietary laws?
Halal refers to what is permissible according to Islamic law, particularly in dietary contexts.
The Quran instructs Muslims to consume what is lawful and good, “O believers! Eat from the good things We have provided for you. And give thanks to Allah if you ˹truly˺ worship Him ˹alone˺.” (Quran 2:172)
#43. Which country has the largest Muslim population in the world?
Indonesia, with around 225 million Muslims, holds the largest Muslim population globally.
The peaceful spread of Islam in Indonesia through trade and Sufi missionaries highlights its diverse, global reach.
#44. What event does Eid al-Adha commemorate?
Eid al-Adha, also known as the Festival of Sacrifice, commemorates Prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to Allah Subhanahu.
This story is recounted in the Quran and signifies submission to God’s will.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said,
“It is the Sunnah of your father Ibrahim (A.S).”
(Bukhari 171)
#45. What is the first word revealed of the Quran?
The first revelation to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was “Iqra” meaning “Read.”
This occurred in the Cave of Hira when Angel Jibril (Gabriel) commanded him to read.
The event is recorded in Sahih Bukhari, where the Prophet recounts,
“The angel came to me and asked me to read.” (Bukhari 1:3)
#46. Which Islamic figure is known for his extensive compilation of Hadiths?
Imam Bukhari is renowned for his compilation of Hadiths, known as Sahih Bukhari, one of the most authentic collections of Hadiths in Islam.
He spent 16 years gathering and verifying Hadiths, ensuring their authenticity. (Allahu Alam)
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the importance of Hadiths for guidance.
#47. What is the night during Ramadan when the Quran was first revealed called?
Laylat al-Qadr, or the Night of Decree, is when the Quran was first revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
The Quran states,
“The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.” (Quran 97:3)
This night occurs in the last ten days of Ramadan.
#48. What is the main purpose of Salah in Islam?
Salah, the Islamic prayer, is performed five times a day as an act of worship and remembrance of Allah. The Quran states, “Establish prayer for My remembrance” (Quran 20:14).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the significance of Salah in numerous Hadiths, such as “The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the Salah.” (Tirmidhi 413)
#49. What is the term for the communal Friday prayer in Islam?
Jumu’ah is the communal Friday prayer held at noon, and it is obligatory for Muslim men.
The Quran states, “O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu’ah, then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade.” (Quran 62:9).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized its importance in several Hadiths.
#50. What is the term for the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
Hadith refers to the recorded sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
These narrations serve as a crucial source of guidance for Muslims, alongside the Quran.
The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Convey from me even an Ayah of the Qur’an; relate traditions from Banu Israel, and there is no restriction on that; but he who deliberately forges a lie against me let him have his abode in the Hell.” (Riyad as-Salihin 1380),
encouraging the transmission of his teachings.
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